��ҵ�Ĺ�ͬ��о�

2012-7-27

ժҪ����ҵ��ļӾ磬��ҵΪ��ͷ��գ��˶�ҵ̬��Ӫ��ơ��̽��ҵ�Ĺ�ͬ��⣺��ģʽ��༰��õķֵ��ķ��䡣��о��ҵ��ͬ��͵ĳɹ��ҵʵʩ��ͬ��͵Ľ��顣

�ؼ��ʣ���ҵ��ͬ��ͣ�ģʽ��Ч��䣬��÷ֵ�

1 ��

��ҵ��Ӿ磬��ҵ�ڵ�һ��ǿ�Ͷ�ҵ̬��Ӫ��Ϊ�ֿ��Ӫ��յ��Ҫ�ֶΣ��һЩ��ơ�2010�꣬ȫ��۰�ǿ��ҵ�У��ҵ̬��Ӫ��Ӫ��ҵ��ռ60%��Ҫ�аٻ��ꡢ��С��ҵ̬��ҵ��˵��ϵҲ��ľ��ơ��ҵ�ľ��ܴ�̶��Ͽ��Թ��ϵ�ľ��Ӫ��ʵ�ʾ��ǡ��ͳһ��ͳһ�ɹ��͡��㡢��־��У�ͳһ��Ӫ��ľ��Ҫ��֡��Ӫ�Ļ��Ҫ��֤��ʵ��Ӫ��ģЧ��Ĺؼ��ء�Ŀǰ��ͷ�ʽ�Ƚ��谭��ҹ��еķ�չ��Լ��ҵ��ģЧ��ķ��ӣ��ҵ�ľ��д��ڱ��档��⣬��ģ�Ĳ��õĲ��Ƚ��Ĺ�ͬ��ģʽ��Ϊδ��͵��ơ�

2 ��ͬ��͵��ں�

2��1 ��ͬ��͵ĵ��

��ͬ��ձ��7-Eleven��ꡣ��ӪһЩ��ͳһ�滮��ʵ��ͳһ��Ӫ��ʹ��ӵ��ҵ��򵥻��Ի�ȡ��ģЧ�棬��Ӧ��ͷ��ߵ�Ҫ�󣬹�ͬ��˳�Ƴ�Ϊ�ˡ��³衱��

��ͬ��͵Ķ��Ŀǰ�в�ͳһ��ձ��ʡ�Ķ��壬��ͬ��ǡ��ڳ��Ϊʹ��ڼ��ж��˻��ҵ��£��һ��ҵ�ߣ�ʹ��һ��ϵͳ��е��͡��ڳ����Ļ��ҵ��ͬʹ��һ��ϵͳ��е��͡��ؽ��ǰѹ�ȥ��ͬ��ͬ��Ʒ�ֱ��е��ͣ��Ϊ��ֻ��Ʒ��˻��ġ��Ｐ��͵ļ�Լ��

��ͬ��͵ĳ��ָ��Ϊ��ġ�Alexander Sehone��ܽ��ͬ��Ͳ��ı��һ��ձ��ҵ��ľ��Դ�޷��ã��Ƿ��Ƶ��ߡ�Ʒ��ർ��ձ��⣬�罻ͨӵ�£��ģ��ҲΪ��ͬ��͵Ĳ��ڴ˱��¹�ͬ��ձ��ֲ��ʼ��ڷ�չ��

2��2 ��δͳһ

��桢ţ��˴��ҵ��ҵ�ĽǶ��룬��͹�ͬ��͵��ں��뱾�ʡ��ҹ�̨��ѧ��𻪴��ҵ��֣�ǿ��ϣ��͸��˵ķ�ʽ��е�һ�ֺ��ˮƽ��Ϊ����ܲ��ֱ�㼯��ҵ��߹��̵��ֱ��ͷ�ʽ��ﵽ��ҵ�ľ��ù�ģ��ͽ��ɱ��ʹҵ��ɳ��ɢ��֧ͨ��ͬ��湲��֮��ҵ��Ϊ��ߵĽǶ��о��򣬸��Ϊһ�ַ��ҵ�ı��ʣ�ʹ�о��塣

2��3 ��ͬ��ģʽ��

��ͬ��ģʽ��ѡ��Ǵ��۵Ľ��㡣��ѧ�߶��ҵ�Ĺ�ͬ��ģʽ�о��϶࣬�󶼴ӹ�ͬ��;�Ӫ��ĽǶ��֡��ų�ɭ��Ϊ��ҵʵ�й�ͬ��͵�ģʽ��¼��֣��ҵ�볧�̹��ġ��ҵ��ͬ��͡��෽��ͬ��͡��ʹ��͹�ͬ��ͣ�Ф��ձ�7-Eleven��Ĺ�ͬ��Ϊ��ֵ��͹�ͬ��ģʽ��ģʽ��ģʽ��ȫͳһ��ģʽ��޾��Ϊ��ҹ��ҵ��ͬ��ģʽ�ɷ�Ϊ��һ��ҵΪ��к��ϵĹ�ͬ��͡��෽��ϵĹ�ͬ��͡��ҵ�Ĺ�ͬ��ͣ��ܲ��Ϊ��ͬ��Ϳɷ�Ϊϵͳ�Ż��͵Ĺ�ͬ��͡��͵Ĺ�ͬ��͡��ӻ��ع��͵Ĺ�ͬ��ͺ��ġ��ͻ�е��ʩ��ͬ��͵Ĺ�ͬ��ͣ��⣬��԰��ͺ��רҵ��ͶԹ�ͬ��ģʽ��з��ࡣ

2��4 �ɰܹؼ��Ч�桢��÷��

��ʵ��ѡ��ģʽ��ܷ�֤��ʤ��ʵʩ�Ĺؼ��ǹ�ͬ��͸��Ч��ķ��ͳɱ��ķ�̯��⡣

��Ч��ϣ�Kimura��ۺϿ��ˡ��ҵ�ڹ�ͬ��е��Ϊ��ѧģ�͡��Ǵ��ͳɱ��ĽǶȷ��ͬ��͵�Ч�档Ŀǰ�ĳɱ��̯��һ�η�̯��η�̯��Shapleyֵ��Nash̸�нⷨ��һ�η�̯��ҵ��͵��ת��ƽ��̯��ͬ��ͳɱ��û�п��ǵ��ͬ��͹��̵ĸ��ԣ��˳ɱ��̯�Ľ��ԭ��ԣ��η�̯��е�SCRB��NSCG��ڸ��ԡ��Ժ��Ч�Զ��㣬��ַ�̯��ù̶��ļ��ģʽ��ʵ��Գɱ��̯��Ҫ��Shapleyֵ��Nash̸�нⷨ��ķ�̯��ԡ��Ч�ԣ��һ��ԡ����ò��۶��з��û��һ�ֽ��ƽ��ձ��κκ��ĵ��ⷽ��õ��ķ��⣬��Ȼֻ��һ��ԵĲο�ֵ��񡢺��ۺϿ��ǻ��ҵ�ڹ�ͬ��еĹ��׺��ھ�Ӫ��е��ķ��գ��Raiff��Ĺ�ͬ��ͳɱ��̯ģ�ͣ��ں��˼��ָ��½��˻��ڷ��շֵ��Shapley value��ͬ��ͷ��ģ�ͣ��ֹ�ͬ��ȷʵ��ʹ��ҵ��ɱ��ȼ��٣��֤��ģ�͵��Ч�Ժͺ��ԡ�

3 �ҹ��ҵ��ʵʩ��ͬ��

3��1 ԭ��ģʽ��ͬ��

�ҹ��ҵ��ģʽ��ֶ�Ԫ��ķ�չ��ơ��ʷ��ԭ�򣬴󲿷��ҵ��ѡ��˰׽��ĵķ�ʽ��ҹ��ӪЭ��2001��ͳ�ƣ��ҹ��ҵ��ҵ��74%�ɹ��ɣ�13%�ɵ��ɡ��չ��ȱ��ʽ�͹�ģ��ǰ��µıؾ�֮·��һ��ձ��7-Eleven��ơ��ʮ��Ľ��죬��͵��ҵ��γ��ϵ��Բ��㱾��ҵ��Ӫ��Ҫ�󡣸��ҵ�׷��ͺ͹�Ӧ��ֱ��Ķ�Ԫ��֮·��̵�ǿ�Ƶ�λ��û��й��Ĺ��顣

��ҹ��ҵ�Ĺ�ģ��Ʒ��ͨ��ӣ��ͳ��ͷ�ʽ��¶��⣬��ڣ��ٵ��µ��Ч�ʲ��ھ��Ŀǰ��ƽ��ĳ��Ը��ֻ��60%��⡢��Ը��ʶ��ﵽ80%��ڶ��С��Ӧ��Ŀǰ�ҹ��ܶ��ꡢ��Ķ��ԡ�С��ȫ��ķ�ʽ��У�äĿ׷��ν��ȫ�淢չ��޷��Ͽ��ʽ��ȫ�򻯡�רҵ��Ҫ��ڹ��ʻ��ļ��Ҿ��б�Ȼ��ơ��Ϣ��ˮƽ��Լ��չ��ձ��˻�е��Զ��Ϣ��ҵ��װж��ɵ��綯�泵�ʹ��ʹ��ɣ��и߲��ܵ��ֿ⣬�Գ��ô��ռ䡣��й��չ�ֽ׶Σ��Ĺ��ܲ��ȫ��Ϣ��޻��ķּ��豸��󶼿��˹��½ϸߵĳ��ʡ�

3��2 ��ͬ��ͳɹ�ʵʩ��Ͱ��

��ձ��ڹ�ͬ��͵��о��ʵ��϶��ǰ�С��ҵ��ù�ͬ��͵ı��ܸߡ�ŷ�޹�ͬ��ͱ��ߴ�90%��Ҳ�ﵽ70%��ϣ��ձ��50%��׸��ɹ��ˡ��Ϻ��ͳһ��͵ı��10%��Щ��ڱ��й��ҵ��ͬ��͵ĵ�ˮƽ��ͬʱҲ˵��˹�ͬ��й��ľ޴�չ�ռ䡣

�ӹ��ʵ��ͬ��ȡ��˲��Ч��ͬ��ڹ��õ��Ѹ�ٷ�չ��磬�ձ��Ĺ�ͬ��ϵͳ��12�Ұٻ��˾�Ĺ�ͬ��ϵ��¹�Kaeesl�С��÷�еĹ�ͬ��ϵ��Ħ�ɸ�Ĺ�ͬ��ϵͳ�ȡ�

�ӹ��ڿ��ſ��ư��ȫ��ӵ��700��ŵ꣬��б��380�ң��100�Ҵ��150�ұ�׼��м�130�ұ��ɣ�Ӫҵ��ռ��˱��̳��г��1��3��ϴ��ۺϳ��кͱ��ɹ�ϵͳ֮�󣬿�ʼ�ϸ��ڲ��ɱ��ƺ��ϡ��2010�꿪ʼ��ѱ��ܱߵ��Ĵ��ļ��е��ģ��ȡ��ͬ��͵��ģʽ��ʹ��Ӧ��ü��У��ұ��ˡ��ͼۣ��Զ��ĺ��ľ��ӳɱ��ƵĽǶȿ��ǣ�Ŀǰ��Ҫ��õ��˾�ĳ��ŵ��Ժ�ͬ��Լ��ʽȷ��ͻ��׼ʱ�ԺͰ�ȫ�ԡ��ҵ��ʢ��ʢ��ͨ��ˡ��ŵ��չ��䳵��100��̨��Ŀǰ��ڵ��Ե��е��ϵͳ��TMS��Ҫ��ڳ��Ŷӡ��Ӽ�ء��ȡ�

4 ��

��ʵʩ��ͬ��͹��ؽ��Ϊ�ִ��ķ�չ��ƣ��ҹ��ҵ��徺��Ӧ��ȫ�򾭼�һ�廯��ĸ�Ϊ��ҵ��г��Ҫ��塣��й��ĳЩ��ҵ��ɹ�ͬ��͵��ƽ��ġ�

��Ŀǰ��й��ҵ��ǿ�Ƶ�λ�빩Ӧ�̶��С��֣��ҵǣͷ�齨��ǿ�Ƶ�λ��ͬ��ġ�һ��棬��Լ��Ĳɹ��ɱ��ڹ��Ӧ�̺��ǿ�Ƶ�λ��ǿ��ҵ��һ��棬��͹�Ӧ�̵��ͳɱ��ҹ�Ӧ�̲��ò��ӳ��еĹ��Ҫע��ʵ�в��컯��Ʒ��Ӧ�̵��ͣ��ǩ��Э�鱣��ҵ��ܣ��ƶ��Ч�桢��÷��ߡ�

�ο��ף�

[1] �ξ��ͬ��͡��չ��[J]��ִ��2001��6��18��

[2] ��ɣ��ռ��ĵ��ص㼰��ʾ[J]��й��ɹ��2007��17��65��

[3] л��ף��ףǿ��±��ǣ��ͬ��ϵ�ṹ[J]��2007��7��27��

[4] ��㻪��ɹŷ�չ�ִ��²��ԡ��ͬ��[J]��磬2009��8��

��Դ��¼�� й��г��