�ҹ��С��ҵ��չ��״

2011-12-13

ժ Ҫ����С��ҵ��ȫ��緶Χ�ڶ��ƶ��ýṹ��뷢չ��Ӿ�ҵ��г��Ĺ��ش��á�Ȼ��Ŀǰ��С��ҵ��Լ�ҹ��С��ҵ��չ�ġ�ƿ��֮һ��Ҫ��ҹ��С��ҵ��״��ڵ��⡣

�ؼ��ʣ���С��ҵ��ֱ��ʣ��

�ĸ￪��ҹ��С��ҵ�õ�Ѹ�ͷ�չ��ѳ�Ϊ��񾭼õ��Ҫ��ɲ��֡��ݹ��2010�ꡰ��Ӫ��÷�չ��桱ͳ�ƣ�Ŀǰ�ҹ��С��ҵ�Ѿ��5000��ң�Լռȫ��ע��ҵ��99.8%��С��ҵ�ṩ�Ĳ�Ʒ��ֵռȫ��ҵ��ֵԼ60%��ң��С��ҵ�Ͻɵ�˰��ռ�ҹ�ȫ��50%��ϣ��ƣ��С��ҵ��ҵ��ռȫ��ܾ�ҵ�˿ڵ�80%��ҡ��ɼ��Ըĸ￪��30��С��ҵ��ҹ��񾭼��г�з��ӵ��Խ��Խ��Ҫ��

��С��ҵ��ҹ��񾭼÷�չ�з��ش��ã��ҹ��ó��֯��WTO��󣬹��г��һ��ţ��ʱ��ȼӴ󣬵��ҹ��С��ҵ��ٵľ��Խ��Խ��ң��ڷ�չ��Ҳ��ؽ��⣬��Ϊ�ؼ��ľ��⣬��Ѿ��Լ��С��ҵ��ҹ��񾭼õĽ��չ��ԣ��θ��С��ҵ��ʻ��ɱ��ߵ��⣬��ڴٽ��С��ҵ�Ľ��ɳ��ȷ��ҹ��񾭼õĽ��ȶ��չ��ż�Ϊ��Ҫ��塣

һ��ҹ��С��ҵ�Գ��ʽ�״��

�ҹ��С��ҵ��ص��Լ��Ը��˼�ͥ��ۺ��㸺ծ�𲽣��ھ�Ӫ��ѺϻＯ�ʡ��ҵӯ��ȷ�ʽ�Ｏ��ʽ��ڷ��ң��Դʽ��Գ��ʽ��ҵ��ѡ��ʷ�ʽ��С��ҵ��ʽ��ڹ��е��ŵ㣨��Ȩ��У��20��С��ҵ�Գ��ʽ�ռ��ȫ��ʽ��Դ��65%��ϣ��ձ��2000��ڲ��ʽ��ʹ��ֻռ30%��Ȼ��2006��ʽ��Ѹ��70%��ָ��Դʽ��Գ��ʽ��ҹ��С��ҵ�ձ��Գ��ʽ��ƣ��ǲ��ͬ��ڷ��ң��Դʽ��ģ��ҹ��С��ҵ��ԭ��Ѵ��ⲿ�ﵽ�ʽ��Դʽ��ǲ��Ѷ�Ϊ֮�Ľ��֮��С��ҵ��ʽ��Դ��Գ��ʽ�ռ�кܸߵı��أ��ⲿ��Դ��ޣ��Ҫ��С��ҵ�ķ�չ��һ��Ҫ�Ƚ��С��ҵ��ѵ��⡣

��ҹ��С��ҵ��״��

�ҹ��С��ҵ��Ԯʽ��еļ��Ҫ��ҵ��е��С��д����ھ�Ӫ��ģ��Լ��ҹ��ʱ��г��Ĳ��ƣ��ݡ��й��Ӫ��÷�չ��桱ͳ�ƣ��ʽ��Դ��ҹ��С��ҵ��ʣ��ҵ��ж��С��ҵ�Ĵ��ռ��Դ��98.7%��ʹ��С��ҵ�Ĵ��ռ��ʵ�ʴ��ı��Ҳ��ߡ��2009��ͳ�ƾ��ʾ��2008��ȫ��ڻ��ŵĶ��ڴ��83��661.2��Ԫ��ռ��С��ҵ�󲿷ֵ��ҵ�͸��ҵ��õ�7��881.6��Ԫ��1��461.6��Ԫ�Ĵ���ֱ��ռ9.2%��1.7%��ɴ��ҹ��С��ҵ�ļ��ڽ��ڻ��ܴ��ı��Ǻ��ٵġ��⣬��С��ҵ��ҵ��Ŵ��ѣ��ҵ��г��С��ҵ��ƶȲ��ȫ��л�ȱ��Ѻ�ʲ�Ϊ�ɾܴ��ܶ��ҵ��ж��С��ҵ�ڸ��ϸ��ƣ��黹�ʡ��ծ�ʡ��ҵ��ʡ��վ���ɶ��ṹ��Ѻ��ڶ��С��ҵ��֮��⡣�ڳ��һ��ҵ��м��е�ͬʱ��ҵ��еĸ��ִ��ȴ�ڷ��ر��С��ҵ��С��ٶȣ��ȥ��ؽ��Լ��С��ҵ�ķ�չ��

��ʽ��ڹ�˾��IFC��2005��ͨ��6��ҵ��е��ʾ��ҹ��С��ҵ��ľܾ��ҪԶԶ��ڴ��ҵ�Ĵ��롣IFC�ĵ��Լ��ʵ֤�о��ɹ��ҵ��ģ��أ��С��ҵ�Ĵ��ɹ��Ϊ77%��ҵ�Ĵ��ɹ��Ϊ88%��С��ҵ��ȡ�ı��ܵͣ��˵�ҹ��С��ҵ�ڻ�ȡ��д���洦��صĲ��档

��ҹ��С��ҵֱ��״��

��С��ҵֱ��ڣ�ծȯ��ʡ��Ȩ��ʡ��ʲ�֤ȯ��Ͷ�ʡ�Ŀǰ��ҹ��С��ҵ��ծȨ�͹�Ȩ��ߣ��г��ͬ��Ͷ�ʺ��ʲ�֤ȯ��ַ�ʽ��𲽽׶Ρ�

��һ��Ȩ��ʡ��ҹ��˾��涨��ļ��Ƿ��Ĺɷ��޹�˾��׼��У��ע��ʱ��ɶ��˾��ȥ�뽫��ӯ��˾��ʷ��õȷ��涼��ϸ��ơ��ҹ�Ŀǰ��ʵ��ܹ��Щ��ҵ��С��ҵ��ʹ��С��ҵ��ų��ż�֮�⡣Ϊ�˰��С��ҵ��չ��ʱ��г��ʹ��ܣ��ҹ��֤ȯ��С��ҵ�壨2004��5��17�գ��Ȼ��С��ҵ��г��Խ�ִ��г��ļ��Ϣ��¶�ķ��ɷ��棬��Ҳֻ��ٲ��С��ҵ�ܴﵽ��б�׼��԰ѹ��С��ҵ��֮��⡣��2009��12��31�գ��327��С��ҵ��У��ʽ��ܶ��20��000��Ԫ��һ��̶��ϻ��С��ҵ��ѵ��⡣�ɼ��Ϊ�˸��õشٽ��С��ҵ�ķ�չ��С��ҵ��ҵ��Ҫ��Ϊ��С��ҵ��Ϊ��ؿ��С��ҵ��Ҫ�ƽ��ҹ��С��봴ҵ��г��裬�Լ��εĹ�Ʊ��г��ϵ��Щ��С��ҵ�ķ�չ��Զ��Ӱ�졣

��ծȯ��ʡ��Ŀǰ��ծȯ�г��ҹ��ҵծȯ�г��ķ��̶�ԶԶ��ڹ�Ʊ�г��ҹ��С��ҵ��Եծȯ��ʣ��1993��̨�ġ��ҵծȯ��û��ȷָ��С��ҵ��÷��ҵծȯ��е��ѽ��С��ҵ�ų��⣬�ر��ջ��ҵծȯ��е��Ȩ�󣬷��ҵծȯ��Ҫ�Ƿ��ص㽨��Ŀ��2008�굽��ڣ��ծȯ��϶��ǹ��ص㽨��Ŀ��Ǵ��й�˾��ֱ��͹��ҵռ��˷�ծ��ȵľ��󲿷֣��С��ҵ�ܷ��ҵ��ģ��ҵ��ʱ��ȣ��ϸ��ƣ��ܷ��ծȯ�ڵ��ʽ�

��Ͷ�ʡ��ǳ��ֽ��ض��ҵ��չѸ�͵�һ��͵��С��ҵ��ʷ�ʽ��ָ��רҵ��רҵ��Ͷ��֯Ϊ��нϺóɳ�Ǳ��Ĵ�ҵ��ҵ��й�ȨͶ�ʣ��ͨ��ʱ��Ӫ��Ͷ��ҵ��ȫ��λ��֧�֣��ҵ��Գ��ͨ��С�ת��ʼͶ�ʵ��ֶ��˳��Ͷ��ҵ��ʵ��ʱ��ֵ��Ϊ��һ�ֵ�Ͷ�ʻ��׼��1986��ҿ�ί�Ͳ��ϼ��ҹ��ҵ��ͬ��˵��й��ҵ��Ͷ�ʹ�˾��е��ƺ;�Ӫ��ʹ�÷��Ͷ��ܵ��С��ҵ��֧�֡�Ŀǰ��Ͷ��Ѿ��Ϊ�ҹ��С��ҵ�ر��Ǹ߳ɳ��ҵ��С��ҵ��ӡ��ҩ�ȸ߿Ƽ��ҵ��һ�ַǳ��Ҫ��ʷ�ʽ��ȫ��ػ��в��ʵ��ʹ��£��н��Ӱ��ǡ��ǻ�ƻ��롰��ƻ��ֽ��Ƽ��ߡ��ɳ��Ժõ��Ŀ��ϵ��»��ƿ��˵��ҹ��Է��Ͷ�ʵ�һ��̽��ʵ��֤��ʷ�ʽ��кܴ�ķ�չǱ��Ϳռ䣬Ϊ��С��ҵδ��Ľ��չ��˷ḻ�ľ��顣��20��;�ʮ��ҹ��Ƽ��£��˰��˸��ֲ�ҵ԰��ͷ��ڸ��ҵ��ƽ��Ͷ�ʡ��й��Ƽ��ڴٽ��Ͷ��רҵίԱ��2001��2��19�գ��ίԱ��76�һ�Ա��˾��ɣ��ʱ��Ͷ�ʹ��Լ115��Ԫ��Ͷ��ʽ�Լ10��Ԫ��ռͶ�ʹ�˾��ʱ��9%��ҹ��и��Ŭ��ģ��Ͷ��ҹ��Դ��𲽽׶Σ��ط��ɳ��ʱ��г��ܲ��ơ�

��ģ��ʲ�֤ȯ��ʷ�ʽ��20��ʮ��ĩ��ʮ��ʼ��ȫ��չ��ǽ��ҵ��Щȱ��ԣ��̶��ʲ��򲻶��Щ�ܹ��ڿ�Ԥ��Ľ��ȶ��ֽ��ͨ��Щ�ʲ��Ϻͽ��ʲ��÷��ķ�ʽ��Ը��ʲ��Ϊ��Ѻ��ר�ŵ��н��Ͷ��У��֤ȯ��Ȼ��ʱ��г��۱��֣��ʡ��ʲ�֤ȯ��ͨ��ҵ�ڲ��ʲ��ض�֤ȯ��Ѻ��Ϊһ��µ��ʷ�ʽ��Ϊ��ҵ��һ��µ��ʷ�ʽ��ҳ��ʳɱ��ͣ��ʱ��ѡ��ǿ��ҵЧ��Ӱ�죬��ǻ��ص㣬��С��ҵ��ڽ��ڻ��ʱ��г��л��ʱ��ַ�ʽ��Ϊ��ѡ��ҹ��״γ��麣�е�һ��͹��ҵ��1996�귢��2��Ԫ��ʲ�֤ȯ��С��ҵ��ģ��ʲ�֤ȯ��ҹ��Ǹո��𲽡�

��壩��ֱ��ʣ��ҵ��ж��С��ҵ��ϧ��෴��С��ҵ�Ŵ��ȴ�쳣��С��ҵ�ӺϷ��ʶ��һ�ֹ��Щ�ط��ڽ��һ��Ϊ˽��ҵ��ʵ��Ҫ��ʽ��ǣ��Ĵ��䷢չ��׸��ҹ��Ծ��û��صĸ��Ӱ�졣��Ľ��ʸܸ˵��ã��ʽ��У��ڻ��֯�ʽ��Ѷȣ�ͬʱ��˰��ʧ��þ��ף��ĳЩ��Ļ��ҡ��ڲ��ֵ��ܻ�Ծ��ȱ�ݣ��ʡ�ΥԼ�Ľ��ʽ��Ի��ߵ�֧�֡�

��ԣ��ҹ��С��ҵ��䷢չ�׶εĳ��׶Ρ�Ȼ��С��ҵ��ҹ��񾭼��ᷢչ��ȴ��ش󡣵��ǣ��С��ҵ��ʽ��٣��ڲ��ʼ�Ϊ��뻺��ⲿ��ʱ��г�ֱ��ϸߣ�ʹ��С��ҵ��ȴ��ڶ�ʱ��Դﵽ��¿��С��ҵ��Ҳֻ��ڽ϶��ڽ��¿Ƽ��С��ҵ��⣬��Ҳ�ǳ��խ��ҹ��Ȼ��˿Ƽ��ȷ��ߣ��١��Χ��ޡ��ߣ��޷��С��ҵ��չ��Ҫ��ɼ��С��ҵ��ⲻ��С��ҵ�Ĵ��»��Ӱ��С��ҵ��淢չ��谭��ҹ��÷�չ�뾭�ýṹת�͵Ľ��̡�

��Ҫ�ο��ף�

[1]��ϱ��ҹ��ҵծ��о�[J].��⣬2006.1.

[2]��ơ��С��ҵ��ʵ��Լ��[J].��չ�о��2007.7.

[3]��ھ��ҵ��Ŵ��ʱ��С��ҵ��[J].��֮�ѣ�2007.5.

[4]��棬��죬��չ��ҵ��С��ҵ��ʵ��Ƽ��ϵ̽��[J].�ִ��ƾ��2006.26.1.

[5]��죬��ͬ�ɳ��׶��С��ҵ��ʷ�ʽѡ��о�[J].��ѧ��2006.1.

��Դ�� ��Ƽ��