��ó��ۼ��չ (��)

2008-6-2

��ó��۵��ҵ��߽�ģ��

��ҵ�ڹ��ʻ��ؼ�ѡ��һ��Ƿ��г��Ǽ��һ��ҵ��ѡ��г��Ժ��ַ�ʽ��г��ѡ��ڻ��FDI��ʽ��ԭ��ģ��ܽ��Ϊʲôһ�ұ��ҵ��ļ��Щģ��޷��Ϊʲô��Щ��ᷢ��ҵ�߽�֮�ڣ��ͨ��г��ס��ְ��ɵ��ʽ��к��ó��۵��ҵ��߽�ģ�ʹӵ��ҵ��֯ѡ��֣��ó��ۺ��ҵ��۽��һ��ͳһ��¡�Antras(2003)��Antras��Helpman(2004)̽��ҵ��Զ��ҵ�߽硢��(out-sourcing)�Լ��ڰ�(in-sourcing)ս�Ե�ѡ��Ӱ�죬Ϊ�о��ҵȫ�򻯺Ͳ�ҵ��֯�ṩ��ȫ�µ��ӽǡ�

��ҵ�߽��Խ�Ϊ��ģ�ͣ�һ��ģ��ǽ�Coase��Williamson�Ľ��׳ɱ��Ӧ��ҵ��ʻ��о��У��һ��ģ��ǲ��Grossman��Hart��Moore�Ĳ�Ȩ��Antras(2003)��辶��Grossman-Hart-Moore��ҵ�۵��Helpman-Kmgman��ó�׹۵��һ��ۿ��£��һ��ҵ�߽�Ĳ��ȫ��Լ��Ȩģ��˾�Ķ�λ�Ϳ��ƾ��ߡ��ó�׵�1��3Ϊ��˾��ó�ף�Antras��Ŀ��˾��Ȩģ��У��ó��޳ɱ��ģ��֮��Ҫ�ؼ۸񲻴��ڲ�𣬾��ʱ��ֿ��˾��乫˾��ó��Ŀǰ��ó�׵��״��Ǻϡ�Antras(2003)��н�ʾ��ֹ�˾��ó�׵��ͣ��ڲ�ҵ��ݷ��У��˾�ڽ��ռ��ܶ�ı��طǳ��ߣ��ڲ�ҵ��ʱ��ܼ��ȸ��ߣ��ڹ��ҽ��ݷ��У��˾�ڽ��ռ��ܶ�ı��طǳ��ߣ��ڹ��ҵ��ʱ��Ͷ��ߡ�Antrasģ�ͽ綨�˿��˾�ı߽��Ĺ��ʶ�λ��ܹ�Ԥ��ҵ��ó�׵��͡��ģ��ݵ��ʺ��һ�¡�Casson(1979)��Rugman(1981)��˹��ڿ��˾��ʻ��Ŀ��Թ��Ethier(1986)��Ethier��Markusen(1996)��о��Ϣ��Գƺ�֪ʶ��ҵ��ж��ֱ��Ͷ��õ�ģ�ͣ�Antras(2003)��о��ɹ��ǿ��ʱ��ܼ��Ⱥ�ʣ��ȡȨ��ҵ��ʻ��̾��е��ã��֤��һ��߶Թ�˾��ó��͵ĺ��塣

��һ��ҵ�߽��ڲ��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��ҵ��ѡ��ڱ��ڱ��ҵ��µľ��Ǳ�׼�Ĵ�ֱһ�廯��ҵ��еľ��FDI�͹�˾��ó�ס�ͬ��һ��ѡ��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��ҵ��Ҳ��ѡ��ڱ��ڱ��Ͷ��Ʒ��ǹ��ڹ��ɹ�Ͷ��Ʒ��Ƕ��ó�ס�Antr �� s��Helpman(2004)��ۿ��У��Ƿ��һ�廯��Ƿ��ڹ��ڻ��еȾ��߶��ҵ��֯ѡ��Antr �� s��Helpman��Melitz(2003)��ҵó��ģ�ͺ�Antr �� s(2003)��ҵ��߽�ģ�ͽ��н�ϣ��ģ�͵Ļ��Ͻ��һ��µ��ģ�͡��ڸ�ģ��У��ղ�Ʒ��̿��ܲ��м�Ʒ�Ĺ��ҵ��м�Ʒ��ͬ��ҵ��ŵ��ˮƽ��Ͳ�ͬ��ҵ��ŵļ��֯��ʽ��Թ��ó�ף�FDI��ҵ��֯ѡ��Ӱ�졣ó�ס�Ͷ�ʺ��ҵ��֯��໥��ģ��ͬ��֯��ļ��̶��ɱ��Ĳ��Լ��ͬ��ҹ��ˮƽ�Ĳ��칲ͬ��˾��ҵ��֯�ṹ��Antr �� s��Helpman��о��ҵѡ��ͬ��ҵ��֯��ʽ��ѡ��ͬ��Ȩ�ṹ��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��ص㡣��ҵ��Ҳ�Ƿǳ��Ҫ�ľ��ء��ʲ��ϴ�Ĳ�ҵ��Ҫ��Ͷ��Ʒ��ܲ��ܼ��ȸߵĲ�ҵ��һ�廯��Ϊ�ձ飻һ��ҵ��ŵ��ܲ��ܼ��Խ�ߣ��Խ��ڻ��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��Antr �� s��Helpman��ģ��Ҳ��Ժܺõؽ��ϱ��ʲ�಻�ϼӴ��м�ͶƱó�׳ɱ��ϼ��ٵ�Ӱ�죬��ĳɱ��С�ᵼ��г��(arm��s-length trade)��ڹ�˾��ó��࣬�Ӷ��еĹ��ó�׺͹��Ͷ��ģʽ��

��Antr �� s(2005)��һ��̬һ��ͼ�ϱ�ó��ģ�ͽ��͹��Լ�Ĳ��ȫ�Ե��²�Ʒ��ڵĳ��֡��ҵͬʱʹ�ñ��߼��Ͷ��Ʒ�͵ͳɱ�Ͷ��Ʒ��Ʒ��Ѱ��򵥵�װ��죺�ͼ��Ͷ��Ʒ��ȿ��ͨ��ֱһ�廯Ҳ��ͨ��У��ȿ��Ϸ��Ҳ��ڱ��Ͷ��Ʒ��Ƴ̶ȷǳ��Ҫ��Ͷ��Ʒ��ڱ��ҵ��֯��ʽ(��۴�ֱһ�廯��)�޹ؽ�Ҫ��Ϊ��Լ(quality-contingent contracts)��º�ִ�С��ֱ��Ϸ��ͱ��У��Լ��޷�ִ�У��Ʒ��Ϸ��Լ�Ĳ��ȫ��Ժ͸߼��Ͷ��Ʒ��Ҫ��Ų�Ʒ��ͳ��½�(��Լ�С)��ġ��ȫ��Լ��˲�Ʒ��ͼ��Ͷ��Ʒ��ת�Ƶ��Ϸ��Ա��Ϸ��ĵ͹��ơ��ת��Ȼ�ͨ��FDI��ʽ��ҵ�ı߽��ڷ��һ��ʱ�䣬��ͨ��ʽ��ҵ�߽��ⷢ��һ��ģ�ͱ��Ϸ��Ĳ��ȫ��Լ��±��ľ��⹤�ʸ��Ϸ��ҵ��֯��ʽ��ר��Ͷ�ʶ��Ť��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��ҵ��ղ�Ʒ��ҵ��ܴ��ʣ�࣬��ô��ļ��ͻ��

��Antr �� s��Helpman(2006)��Antr �� s��Helpman(2004)��ҵ��֯ģ��ձ黯��ڲ�ͬ�̶ȵ��ԼĦ��(contractual frictions)��̶��ͬͶ��Ʒ�͹��Ҷ��졣ӵ��ʵ��ҵ��Ƿ�ʵ��һ�廯��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��ĸ��ҽ��С��ղ�Ʒ��ҵ��м�Ͷ��Ʒ��ҵ��й�ϵר��Ͷ�ʣ�ֻ�ܽ��в��Լ��һ�廯��ҵ��ʽ��г��ʽ��ھ��㣬��ҵ��ˮƽ��ͬ��ѡ��Ȩ�ṹ�͹��̵ص�Ҳ��ͬ��Լ�ƶȵ��仯��ҵ��֯��ʽ��ͬ�̶ȵ�Ӱ�졣�Ϸ��ҽϺõ��Լ�ƶ��밶��Ŀ��ԣ��ܻ��FDI��ں��Ŀ��ԡ�

��ġ��ó��۵ļ��ʾ

��Melitz(2003)��ҵó��ģ��ѳ�Ϊ��ó��ֱ��Ͷ��о��һ��ʯ��Melitzģ�ͽ�ó��۵Ĵ�ͳ��·��ϣ��ҵ��ʲ��ͳ��ڵĹ̶��ɱ��л��ؽ��˳��ҵ�Ϳ��˾��ʲ��ԭ�򣬷ḻ��ó�׺�FDI��о��͡�Antrds(2003)��Լģ��׼��һ��ó��ģ�ͣ��ó��ģ�ͽ��Ҫ��쵼�µĸ��ڲ�ƷҪ��ܼ��ȵĲ��죬Ҳ��ҵ��֯��ʽ�Ĳ��죬Ϊ��ó��۵ķ�չ��˴��¡��ҵó��ģ�ͺ��ҵ��߽�ģ��Ϊ��ó��۽綨��µıȽ��Դ��ҵ��Ժ��ҵ��֯ѡ�񣬵��ҵ��Ϊ��Ӱ��ڲ�ҵ�Ľṹ�仯��ó��У��ҵ�ڲ��ȫ��Լ��ҵ��໥��ã��߹�ͬԤ��ʻ��밶��ر��ǽ��Ŀǰ�ձ��ڵı��г�һ�廯��һ�廯�͹��ȵ��Ҫ��ҵ��֯��ʽ��Ϊ��еĹ��ó�׺͹��Ͷ��ģʽ�ṩ��µ��ӽǡ�

��ó��۵��ʾ��

��һ��ҵ��ѡ��ҵ�ĳ��ھ��Ҳͬ��ܵ��ҵ��Ӱ�죬��ߵı仯��Ӱ��ҵ�ĳ��ھ��ߣ�ó��߿��ͨ��ҵ��ʶ��ѡ�񲢴ٽ��߶��ӻ��á��ѧ��(learning by exporting)ЧӦ��Ч��á��ڳ��ЧӦ��ǳ��ҵҲ��ӳ��ҵѧϰ��γ��ڡ��ڲ��˰��Żݵ�һ�㳣�õĳ��ڴٽ��ʩ�⣬��ƻ��ʩ��Ϣ��ͨ��ٽ��ҵ��Ⱥ��Ҳ��Ǻܺõ�ó��ѡ��

��ڶ��Ƿ�С��ҵ�ĳ��г��ɱ��ߣ�һЩ��ҵ��ȡ�ó��Ŵ��᲻��Ϊ��ڱ��ݣ��ó��ƶ��ϣ��г��֤��ʾӦ�ö��Щ�ض��Ż��ҵ�ṩ��֧�֣��ô��Ҫ��ĸ�΢�۵��Ϣ��ݡ�ó��ߵľ��߶��ҵ��΢��˸��ߵ�Ҫ��ȱ��㹻��΢��֤�ݣ��ν��ɹ�ҵ��г��ڷ�ֲ��һ��Ƿ�չ�й��ҵ��ѡ��

��һ��ó��ģ��⣬�о��ߵľֲ��ó��ģ��Ҳͬ��ش�һ��β�ȡ��Ӧ��߱��ҵ��ھֲ��ó��ģ��о��ķ��롣

��ģ��˾��ڲ�ó��˾��˾֮��ó��кβ�ͬ��˾�Ľṹ��Ӧ��߱仯��Щ�ڹ��֧��ҵ�ı��ҵ�͹��ζ��ҵ�Ĺ��ʻ��ʵ֤��棬��ҵ��Ժ�ĳ��FDIģ��д��һ��ʵ֤��顣��ó��۵ļ��Ҫ��ϸ��ҵ��м��飬��Щ��ݰ��ͬ��Ͳ�Ʒ��ó��ݣ��м�Ͷ��Ʒó�׺��ղ�Ʒó��ݣ�δ��ʵ֤�о��п�Ϊ��

��Դ��¼�� ʾ�ó̽��