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2012-12-19

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Ŀǰ��ҹ��Ͷ�ʵ�ũҵ��ҵ��ģС��ʵ��ǿ��Ҽ�ũҵ��ҵ��ص��ͷ��ҵ��Ǻ��ĸ��ũҵ��ҵ��ȱ��һЩ�ڹ��Ϲ�ģ�ϴ��ũҵ��ҵ��뷢��ҿ��ҵ��ȣ��С��ҵ��ʾ��ǳ��ڹ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��ҵ�Զ��Ρ��á��Ļ��һ��Ϥ�Ĺ��̡��ҹ�ũҵ��ҵ�ձ�ȱ��ʻ��Ӫ�˲ţ��Ӫ��Ա��ʡ��ԡ��ˮƽ�ȷ��滹�β�롣�ҹ�ũҵ��ҵ��ҵ��ˮƽ��Ϣ��Դ��ߵȷ��棬Ҳ��ʻ��Ӫ�в��ٲ�ࡣ�ҹ�ũҵ��ҵ��ȫ��ʾ��ҵĿ��ũҵ��ҵ��г��ɱ��Ѻͷ��ա��¿��԰��η��ա��÷��ա��߷��ա��Դ��ա��Ȼ�ֺ��յȼ��ࡣ�ҹ�ũҵ��ҵ��ȡ��Ч��ʩ��Щ��ս��Ч��Ԥ��Ϳ��ƣ��ⲻ��Ҫ��ʧ��

1 ��ҵ��ơ��ơ��Ӫ��շ��

1.1 ��Ͷ��Ŀ��о��ѡ��ʵĹ��г�Ŀ��

ũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��һ��¾��Ҫ��Ͷ��Ŀ��о��Է��Ҫ��Զ��Ͷ��ĿĿ��Ͷ�ʻ��ߡ��ҵ�г��Ļ��ȷ��׼ȷ��Ҫ��Ͷ��Ŀ�ص㣬ע�ض�Ŀ��Ͷ�ʷ��ս��о��л��յĿ͹�״��˫��Ͷ�ʱ��Э��ݺͷ�Χ��е��ع��ʷ��񼰱�֤��Σ��ȷ��Ͷ�ʷ��Ͷ�ʷ��տ��С�̶ȡ�

1.2 ��Ƶľ��߹��ƣ��ƶ��Ĺ��ʻ�ս��

�ڿ��Է��Ļ��ϣ�ũҵ��ҵҪ��ʵ��ֿ��Ŀ�ɱ��ʣ��ѧ��Ͷ�ʾ��ߣ�ѡ��ʺ��ҵ��չ��Ŀ��Ҫע��ѡ��ũҵ��ҵ��Ƶ�Ͷ��Ŀ��ѡ��ҵ��Ϥ��Ŀ��Ч��ҵ��ա�ͨ��ˡ��ʵȶ��ַ�ʽ��ص��ũҵ��ֲ��ҵ��Զ��ҵ�ȷ��Ͷ�ʣ�ʵ�м�ֵ��ʵ��Ͷ��󻯡��Թ��Դ��飬��չ��ҵ�뱾��ҵ�ľ�Ӫ��ϵ�л��ںϣ��̻��Դ��ģ��ǿ��ҵ��Ҫ��ѧ�ƶ��ʻ��չս�ԣ��Ծ��Ч��Ϊ��ģ�ȷ��ȡ��ҵ��ͳɱ��г��ʵ��ũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ս��ũҵ��ҵ��巢չս��ͳһ��ͬʱ��ũҵ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʾ��ߡ��Ӫ��չ�ܵȷ��棬Ҫ�п�ѧ�Ŀ��Ӫ��ƶȣ��Ż��ҵ��Դ��ʹ��ҵ�ķ�չ��ѭ��

1.3 ��ǿ�˲��ʹ�ã��ũҵ��ҵ��Ӫ�ߵĹ��Ұ

��Ҫ��ũҵ��ҵ��Ӫ��˲ţ�ũҵ��ҵ��ҲҪ��Ӹ��ʸ��˲ŵ��ҵһ��ȷ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��Ҫ��һ��ʻ��Ӫ��˲š��ũҵ��ҵȫ��Ӫ�˲Ų��ʵ�ʣ��ǲ��Ա��ѧϰ�Ƚ��飬��Ϊ��ҵ��ߣ��Բ�ȡ��ս�ԣ�ͨ��ź�Ĵ��˲�Ϊ��ҵ��񣻿��Բ�ȡ��ơ��ķ�ʽ��ó��˾��ҵ��й�˾��˵ȷ�ʽ��Ϊ�ҹ�ũҵ��ҵ��о��ũ��Դ��ũ��Ʒ�ӹ��ṩ�˲�֧�֡��ǵ�ũҵ��ҵ�ձ�ʵ��˲��ɱ��ֱȽϸߣ��Ҫ��ҵ�ڲ��Ч��ù�˾��Դ��һ��ʤ�ο��Ӫ��˲š�

1.4 ��ũҵ��ҵ��缶Ʒ�ƣ��ǿ��ҵ�Ĺ��ʾ��

�ҹ�ũҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ҵҪ��Ͷ��Դ��ӹ��ƣ��ֲ��п��Ͷ�ʡ��Ż��͵��ҵ�ṹ��ע�ظ߸��ֵ��ҵ�ķ�չ��Ŭ��ǿ��Ʒ�ļ��ǿ�о��ϸ��ӳ��ҵ��Լ��ļ��ˮƽ��֪ʶ��Ȩ��Ʒ�ơ�ͨ��Ʒ�ƵĹ��Ӱ��ǿƷ�Ƶĺ��ľ��

2 ��Ѱ��ܷ��

2.1 ��ϸ�˽ⶫ��ƺͷ��ϵ

��ǰ��ģ��ҹ��Ϊ֧��ũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ƶ��˺ܶ��ߣ��˺ܶ��Ĺ��ũҵ��ҵҪ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��Ҫ��˽��ҹ��ڶ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʷ��ķ��ɷ��棬��ʱ�˽��ṩ�ĸ��Ϣ��Ŭ��ȡ��ŵ�֧�֡�Ŀǰ��ͨ��񲿡�ũҵ��⾭óί�Ȳ��ŵ��Ѷ��ũҵ��ҵ��˽��г��ľ��з�ʽ�ͽ��׻��ơ��ƶ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʾ�Ӫս��ʱ��ѽ�ȫ��շ��Ϊһ��Ҫ��ݣ��Чʶ��գ��ơ��ҵ��Ӫ�ǿ��ĸ��գ�Ŭ��֤��ҵ��Ͷ�ʵİ�ȫ��ҵ��ʧ��

2.2 ��ƶ��ĸ��ຣ��Ͷ��

�ҹ��Ϊ֧��ũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��̨�˺ܶ�֧�ֺ͹��ߡ��磬��Ͷ�ʵ�ר��ʽ��ߣ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʲ�ȡֱ�Ӳ��Ϣ�ȷ�ʽ��֧�֣��Ͷ��ר��ܳ��Ŵ��Ż��ʣ��Զ��ⵣ��ԭ��ʱ��ܾ��Ϊ��ƣ��ҹ��ҵ��Ͷ��˰��Ż��ߵȡ��ҵ��ͨ��Ͷ��ڶ��η��ת�޸��ջ��ɵ��ش��ʧ��ҵ�ڹ��Ͷ�ʰ�ȫ��

2.3 ��н��ҵЭ��ط��

�н��ҵ�м��Ŧ��ʵʩ��ֱ��Ͷ��ս��ž޴��á��Һܶ�ʱ��н��֧�ֶ��Ͷ��ߵġ�Ŀǰ��н��٣�Ҫ��һ��ǿ�н��裬ʹ�н��ũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʷ��淢�ӻ��á�ͬʱ��Կ��ǳ��ҹ�ũҵ��Ͷ��ҵЭ��ͺ��ũҵ��ҵ��ҵЭ��ȣ��ҵЭ��ã��ǿ��ҵ��ɣ��ͬЭ��۸񡢴��ס��գ�Ϊũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʱ��ݻ��ͨ��̻��֯�Լ��Ļ�ơ��ƵȻ��ũҵ��ҵ��ն��Ϣ��ǿ��ҵ��뵱��л��롣

3 �ڶ��Ϊ��Ӧ�Է��

3.1 ��ǿ��ҵ��Ӧ��

��ϸ��ȫ��׼��Դ��ȷ��淨��ߣ��ȡ��ս�ԡ�ͨ��ף��߹��ũҵ��ҵ�ڶ��Ļ��Ӧ��ʵʩ��ػ�ս�ԣ��Խ��ũҵ��ҵ��붫��Ͷ�ʵ��ż��ó��Ʋú�ó�ױ��ݡ��ڲ��ֹ��Һ͵��ܸù��жȣ��η��ա��ö��Դ��͵�Ƹ�õ��صľ�Ӫ��˲š��뵱��Ļ��ҵ��Ϳڱ��Զ��г�ʵ�ʣ��ϲ��Ĳ�Ʒ��ռ�쵱��г��ʵ��ũҵ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ�Ŀ�ꡣ�磬��޹��Ҵ󲿷��Ϊũ��գ��ǳ��͡��ũҵ��ҵ��أ��ɹ��Ͷ��֣��ɷ��պܴ󡣿��ũ��ǩ��ͬ��ɹ��ũҵ��ҵ��ṩ��ӡ��Ϻ�ũҩ��Ϊ��ũ��ṩ�Ŵ��ʽ��ϣ��м��ѵ��Ǯ�޽��·�ͻ��ʩ��ʵ�ֹ��ҵ��Ͷ��Ŀ�꣬�ֿ��Ա��ܵ��ߵĹ��

3.2 ��ʱ��Ͷ�ʲ��

�ҹ�ũҵ��ҵ�ڶ��ֱ��Ͷ��У�Ҫ��ݹ��ʹ��Լ��ƺͱ仯��ʱ��Ͷ�ʾ�Ӫ��ԣ�ȷ��ҵ�ڹ��ͷ�չ��ũҵ��ҵʵ��ǿ��ҪѰ��ʱ��Կ��붫��ҵ��ͬͶ�ʵķ�ʽ��Ŀ��Ŀ��ҵ��ɵ��ҵ�͹��ҵ��ͬ�е��ա��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵķ��շ�ɢ��غ��ߣ��Ա��ⶫ��ʵʩ��ҵ��ߡ�ͬʱ��Ҳ��Խ�ũҵ��ҵͶ�ʵ��Ŀʵʩ��ֻ��Ӫ��ʹͶ�ʷ��յõ��ɢ��ҵ�붫��ͻ��Ҫ��ȡ��ߣ��ƴ��ס��ʱΪ��ȫ�ֵĳ��ڵ��棬��һ��ò��ʱ��ֲ��ǰ��档��Σ��ҵ��沢��޷��ì��ʱ��ֻ�ܴӶ��Ͷ�ʡ��Ȼ��϶��ҵ��ʧ��ˣ��Ȳ��ѵ�ʱ�򣬾��ȡ��Ӯ��̬�ȣ��˫��ɾ��ʧ��

3.3 ��ص��صķ��Ļ�

һЩ��Ρ��ɡ��ڽ̡��Ļ��ϰ�׵ȷ��ɺܴ��Ҫ�ر�ע��磬��ص�̬�Ƚ��д��Ҫ�߶��ӵ��ص��ϰ�ߣ��ǿ�Ե��Ļ��˽⣬��Ч�ں�˫��Ļ��Դ��ڵķ��Ļ��죬Ҫ��ȡ��ص�̬�ȣ��ҵ�ڹ��Ŀ��ҵ�ڲ��Ҫ��Ż��ҵ�Ļ��ǿ�뵱��Ա��Ļ��ͨ�ͽ��ܱ��Ա��֮��Ļ��ͻ��Σ��ʵ��ҵ�ڲ��Ļ��ĺ�г��һ��ҵ��Ч�ʡ�

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[5]��裬�й�ũҵ��й�˾Ͷ�ʷ��о�[D].�人��ũҵ��ѧ��2010��.

[6]��ΰ��Ȫ��й�ũҵ��߳�ȥ��ٵĹ��ҷ��ռ��[J].ũ�徭�ã�2010��12��.

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